Tracking early lung cancer metastatic dissemination in TRACERx using ctDNA.
Nature
Abbosh, Christopher C; Frankell, Alexander M AM; Harrison, Thomas T; Kisistok, Judit J; Garnett, Aaron A; Johnson, Laura L; Veeriah, Selvaraju S; Moreau, Mike M; Chesh, Adrian A; Chaunzwa, Tafadzwa L TL; Weiss, Jakob J; Schroeder, Morgan R MR; Ward, Sophia S; Grigoriadis, Kristiana K; Shahpurwalla, Aamir A; Litchfield, Kevin K; Puttick, Clare C; Biswas, Dhruva D; Karasaki, Takahiro T; Black, James R M JRM; Martínez-Ruiz, Carlos C; Bakir, Maise Al MA; Pich, Oriol O; Watkins, Thomas B K TBK; Lim, Emilia L EL; Huebner, Ariana A; Moore, David A DA; Godin-Heymann, Nadia N; L'Hernault, Anne A; Bye, Hannah H; Odell, Aaron A; Roberts, Paula P; Gomes, Fabio F; Patel, Akshay J AJ; Manzano, Elizabeth E; Hiley, Crispin T CT; Carey, Nicolas N; Riley, Joan J; Cook, Daniel E DE; Hodgson, Darren D; Stetson, Daniel D; Barrett, J Carl JC; Kortlever, Roderik M RM; Evan, Gerard I GI; Hackshaw, Allan A; Daber, Robert D RD; Shaw, Jacqui A JA; Aerts, Hugo J W L HJWL; Licon, Abel A; Stahl, Josh J; Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam M; , ; Birkbak, Nicolai J NJ; McGranahan, Nicholas N; Swanton, Charles C
Network expansion of genetic associations defines a pleiotropy map of human cell biology.
Nature Genetics
Barrio-Hernandez, Inigo I; Schwartzentruber, Jeremy J; Shrivastava, Anjali A; Del-Toro, Noemi N; Gonzalez, Asier A; Zhang, Qian Q; Mountjoy, Edward E; Suveges, Daniel D; Ochoa, David D; Ghoussaini, Maya M; Bradley, Glyn G; Hermjakob, Henning H; Orchard, Sandra S; Dunham, Ian I; Anderson, Carl A CA; Porras, Pablo P; Beltrao, Pedro P
ESR1 gene amplification and MAP3K mutations are selected during adjuvant endocrine therapies in relapsing Hormone Receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer (HR+ HER2- BC).
Plos Genetics
Ferrando, Lorenzo L; Vingiani, Andrea A; Garuti, Anna A; Vernieri, Claudio C; Belfiore, Antonino A; Agnelli, Luca L; Dagrada, Gianpaolo G; Ivanoiu, Diana D; Bonizzi, Giuseppina G; Munzone, Elisabetta E; Lippolis, Luana L; Dameri, Martina M; Ravera, Francesco F; Colleoni, Marco M; Viale, Giuseppe G; Magnani, Luca L; Ballestrero, Alberto A; Zoppoli, Gabriele G; Pruneri, Giancarlo G
Comprehensive clinicopathological and genomic profiling of gallbladder cancer reveals actionable targets in half of patients.
Npj Precision Oncology
de Bitter, Tessa J J TJJ; de Reuver, Philip R PR; de Savornin Lohman, Elise A J EAJ; Kroeze, Leonie I LI; Vink-Börger, Marianne E ME; van Vliet, Shannon S; Simmer, Femke F; von Rhein, Daniel D; Jansen, Erik A M EAM; Verheij, Joanne J; van Herpen, Carla M L CML; Nagtegaal, Iris D ID; Ligtenberg, Marjolijn J L MJL; van der Post, Rachel S RS
GENETIC SUBGROUPS INFORM ON PATHOBIOLOGY IN ADULT AND PEDIATRIC BURKITT LYMPHOMA.
Blood
Thomas, Nicole N; Dreval, Kostiantyn K; Gerhard, Daniela S DS; Hilton, Laura K LK; Abramson, Jeremy S JS; Barta, Stefan K SK; Bartlett, Nancy L NL; Bethony, Jeffrey J; Bhatia, Kishor K; Bowen, Jay J; Bryan, Anthony C AC; Cesarman, Ethel E; Casper, Corey C; Cruz, Manuela M; Dyer, Maureen M; Farinha, Pedro P; Gastier-Foster, Julie J; Gerrie, Alina S AS; Grande, Bruno B; Greiner, Timothy C TC; Griner, Nicholas N; Gross, Thomas G TG; Harris, Nancy Lee NL; Irvin, John D JD; Jaffe, Elaine S ES; Henry, David D; Huppi, Rebecca Liddell RL; Leal, Fabio E FE; Lee, Michael M; Martin, Jean Paul JP; Martin, Marie-Reine MR; Mbulaiteye, Sam M SM; Mitsuyasu, Ronald R; Morris, Vivian V; Mullighan, Charles G CG; Mungall, Andrew J AJ; Mungall, Karen K; Mutyaba, Innocent I; Nokta, Mostafa M; Namirembe, Constance C; Noy, Ariela A; Ogwang, Martin David MD; Omoding, Abrahams A; Orem, Jackson J; Ott, German G; Petrello, Hilary H; Pittaluga, Stefania S; Phelan, James D JD; Ramos, Juan Carlos JC; Ratner, Lee L; Reynolds, Steven J SJ; Rubinstein, Paul G PG; Sissolak, Gerhard G; Slack, Graham W GW; Soudi, Shaghayegh S; Swerdlow, Steven Howard SH; Traverse-Glehen, Alexandra A; Wilson, Wyndham W; Wong, Jasper Chun Hei JCH; Yarchoan, Robert R; ZenKlusen, Jean C JC; Marra, Marco A MA; Staudt, Louis M LM; Scott, David W DW; Morin, Ryan D RD
Pan-cancer molecular tumor board experience with biomarker-driven precision immunotherapy.
Npj Precision Oncology
Louie, Bryan H BH; Kato, Shumei S; Kim, Ki Hwan KH; Lim, Hyo Jeong HJ; Okamura, Ryosuke R; Eskander, Ramez N RN; Botta, Gregory G; Patel, Hitendra H; Lee, Suzanna S; Lippman, Scott M SM; Sicklick, Jason K JK; Kurzrock, Razelle R
Clinical relevance of molecular characteristics in Burkitt lymphoma differs according to age.
Nature Communications
Burkhardt, Birgit B; Michgehl, Ulf U; Rohde, Jonas J; Erdmann, Tabea T; Berning, Philipp P; Reutter, Katrin K; Rohde, Marius M; Borkhardt, Arndt A; Burmeister, Thomas T; Dave, Sandeep S; Tzankov, Alexandar A; Dugas, Martin M; Sandmann, Sarah S; Fend, Falko F; Finger, Jasmin J; Mueller, Stephanie S; Gökbuget, Nicola N; Haferlach, Torsten T; Kern, Wolfgang W; Hartmann, Wolfgang W; Klapper, Wolfram W; Oschlies, Ilske I; Richter, Julia J; Kontny, Udo U; Lutz, Mathias M; Maecker-Kolhoff, Britta B; Ott, German G; Rosenwald, Andreas A; Siebert, Reiner R; von Stackelberg, Arend A; Strahm, Brigitte B; Woessmann, Wilhelm W; Zimmermann, Martin M; Zapukhlyak, Myroslav M; Grau, Michael M; Lenz, Georg G
Considerations on diagnosis and surveillance measures of PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome: clinical and genetic study in a series of Spanish patients.
Orphanet Journal Of Rare Diseases
Pena-Couso, Laura L; Ercibengoa, María M; Mercadillo, Fátima F; Gómez-Sánchez, David D; Inglada-Pérez, Lucía L; Santos, María M; Lanillos, Javier J; Gutiérrez-Abad, David D; Hernández, Almudena A; Carbonell, Pablo P; Letón, Rocío R; Robledo, Mercedes M; Rodríguez-Antona, Cristina C; Perea, José J; Urioste, Miguel M; ,
Precision Oncology in Metastatic Uterine Cancer; Croatian First-Year Experience of the Comprehensive Genomic Profiling in Everyday Clinical Practice.
Pathology Oncology Research : Por
Čerina, Dora D; Matković, Višnja V; Katić, Kristina K; Lovasić, Ingrid Belac IB; Šeparović, Robert R; Canjko, Ivana I; Jakšić, Blanka B; Fröbe, Ana A; Pleština, Stjepko S; Bajić, Žarko Ž; Vrdoljak, Eduard E
Plasma ctDNA is a tumor tissue surrogate and enables clinical-genomic stratification of metastatic bladder cancer.
Nature Communications
Vandekerkhove, Gillian G; Lavoie, Jean-Michel JM; Annala, Matti M; Murtha, Andrew J AJ; Sundahl, Nora N; Walz, Simon S; Sano, Takeshi T; Taavitsainen, Sinja S; Ritch, Elie E; Fazli, Ladan L; Hurtado-Coll, Antonio A; Wang, Gang G; Nykter, Matti M; Black, Peter C PC; Todenhöfer, Tilman T; Ost, Piet P; Gibb, Ewan A EA; Chi, Kim N KN; Eigl, Bernhard J BJ; Wyatt, Alexander W AW
The Clinical Significance of RAS, PIK3CA, and PTEN Mutations in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Using Cell-Free DNA.
Journal Of Clinical Medicine
Chang, Won Jin WJ; Sung, Jae Sook JS; Lee, Sung Yong SY; Kang, Eun Joo EJ; Kwon, Nak-Jung NJ; Kim, Hae Mi HM; Shin, Sang Won SW; Choi, Jung Yoon JY; Choi, Yoon Ji YJ; Kim, Ju Won JW; Park, Kyong Hwa KH; Kim, Yeul Hong YH
Cerebral MRI and Clinical Findings in Children with PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome: Can Cerebral MRI Scan Help to Establish an Earlier Diagnosis of PHTS in Children?
Cells
Plamper, Michaela M; Born, Mark M; Gohlke, Bettina B; Schreiner, Felix F; Schulte, Sandra S; Splittstößer, Vera V; Woelfle, Joachim J
mTOR Signaling and SREBP Activity Increase FADS2 Expression and Can Activate Sapienate Biosynthesis.
Cell Reports
Triki, Mouna M; Rinaldi, Gianmarco G; Planque, Melanie M; Broekaert, Dorien D; Winkelkotte, Alina M AM; Maier, Carina R CR; Janaki Raman, Sudha S; Vandekeere, Anke A; Van Elsen, Joke J; Orth, Martin F MF; Grünewald, Thomas G P TGP; Schulze, Almut A; Fendt, Sarah-Maria SM
Phase and context shape the function of composite oncogenic mutations.
Nature
Gorelick, Alexander N AN; Sánchez-Rivera, Francisco J FJ; Cai, Yanyan Y; Bielski, Craig M CM; Biederstedt, Evan E; Jonsson, Philip P; Richards, Allison L AL; Vasan, Neil N; Penson, Alexander V AV; Friedman, Noah D ND; Ho, Yu-Jui YJ; Baslan, Timour T; Bandlamudi, Chaitanya C; Scaltriti, Maurizio M; Schultz, Nikolaus N; Lowe, Scott W SW; Reznik, Ed E; Taylor, Barry S BS
Clinical Implication of Concordant or Discordant Genomic Profiling between Primary and Matched Metastatic Tissues in Patients with Colorectal Cancer.
Cancer Research And Treatment
Choi, Jung Yoon JY; Choi, Sunho S; Lee, Minhyeok M; Park, Young Soo YS; Sung, Jae Sook JS; Chang, Won Jin WJ; Kim, Ju Won JW; Choi, Yoon Ji YJ; Kim, Jin J; Kim, Dong-Sik DS; Lee, Sung-Ho SH; Seok, Junhee J; Park, Kyong Hwa KH; Kim, Seon Hahn SH; Kim, Yeul Hong YH
Genomics of lethal prostate cancer at diagnosis and castration resistance.
The Journal Of Clinical Investigation
Mateo, Joaquin J; Seed, George G; Bertan, Claudia C; Rescigno, Pasquale P; Dolling, David D; Figueiredo, Ines I; Miranda, Susana S; Nava Rodrigues, Daniel D; Gurel, Bora B; Clarke, Matthew M; Atkin, Mark M; Chandler, Rob R; Messina, Carlo C; Sumanasuriya, Semini S; Bianchini, Diletta D; Barrero, Maialen M; Petermolo, Antonella A; Zafeiriou, Zafeiris Z; Fontes, Mariane M; Perez-Lopez, Raquel R; Tunariu, Nina N; Fulton, Ben B; Jones, Robert R; McGovern, Ursula U; Ralph, Christy C; Varughese, Mohini M; Parikh, Omi O; Jain, Suneil S; Elliott, Tony T; Sandhu, Shahneen S; Porta, Nuria N; Hall, Emma E; Yuan, Wei W; Carreira, Suzanne S; de Bono, Johann S JS
Development and validation of a targeted gene sequencing panel for application to disparate cancers.
Scientific Reports
McCabe, Mark J MJ; Gauthier, Marie-Emilie A MA; Chan, Chia-Ling CL; Thompson, Tanya J TJ; De Sousa, Sunita M C SMC; Puttick, Clare C; Grady, John P JP; Gayevskiy, Velimir V; Tao, Jiang J; Ying, Kevin K; Cipponi, Arcadi A; Deng, Niantao N; Swarbrick, Alex A; Thomas, Melissa L ML; Lord, Reginald V RV; Johns, Amber L AL; Kohonen-Corish, Maija M; O'Toole, Sandra A SA; Clark, Jonathan J; Mueller, Simon A SA; Gupta, Ruta R; McCormack, Ann I AI; Dinger, Marcel E ME; Cowley, Mark J MJ; ,
Phenotype-Driven Diagnostic of PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome: Macrocephaly, But Neither Height nor Weight Development, Is the Important Trait in Children.
Cancers
Plamper, Michaela M; Gohlke, Bettina B; Schreiner, Felix F; Woelfle, Joachim J
Unraveling transformation of follicular lymphoma to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
Plos One
González-Rincón, Julia J; Méndez, Miriam M; Gómez, Sagrario S; García, Juan F JF; Martín, Paloma P; Bellas, Carmen C; Pedrosa, Lucía L; Rodríguez-Pinilla, Socorro M SM; Camacho, Francisca I FI; Quero, Cristina C; Pérez-Callejo, David D; Rueda, Antonio A; Llanos, Marta M; Gómez-Codina, José J; Piris, Miguel A MA; Montes-Moreno, Santiago S; Bárcena, Carmen C; Rodríguez-Abreu, Delvys D; Menárguez, Javier J; de la Cruz-Merino, Luis L; Monsalvo, Silvia S; Parejo, Consuelo C; Royuela, Ana A; Kwee, Ivo I; Cascione, Luciano L; Arribas, Alberto A; Bertoni, Francesco F; Mollejo, Manuela M; Provencio, Mariano M; Sánchez-Beato, Margarita M
Influence of TP53 Mutation on Survival in Patients With Advanced EGFR-Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.
Jco Precision Oncology
Aggarwal, Charu C; Davis, Christiana W CW; Mick, Rosemarie R; Thompson, Jeffrey C JC; Ahmed, Saman S; Jeffries, Seth S; Bagley, Stephen S; Gabriel, Peter P; Evans, Tracey L TL; Bauml, Joshua M JM; Ciunci, Christine C; Alley, Evan E; Morrissette, Jennifer J D JJD; Cohen, Roger B RB; Carpenter, Erica L EL; Langer, Corey J CJ
An integrated genomic analysis of anaplastic meningioma identifies prognostic molecular signatures.
Scientific Reports
Collord, Grace G; Tarpey, Patrick P; Kurbatova, Natalja N; Martincorena, Inigo I; Moran, Sebastian S; Castro, Manuel M; Nagy, Tibor T; Bignell, Graham G; Maura, Francesco F; Young, Matthew D MD; Berna, Jorge J; Tubio, Jose M C JMC; McMurran, Chris E CE; Young, Adam M H AMH; Sanders, Mathijs M; Noorani, Imran I; Price, Stephen J SJ; Watts, Colin C; Leipnitz, Elke E; Kirsch, Matthias M; Schackert, Gabriele G; Pearson, Danita D; Devadass, Abel A; Ram, Zvi Z; Collins, V Peter VP; Allinson, Kieren K; Jenkinson, Michael D MD; Zakaria, Rasheed R; Syed, Khaja K; Hanemann, C Oliver CO; Dunn, Jemma J; McDermott, Michael W MW; Kirollos, Ramez W RW; Vassiliou, George S GS; Esteller, Manel M; Behjati, Sam S; Brazma, Alvis A; Santarius, Thomas T; McDermott, Ultan U
The prognostic effects of somatic mutations in ER-positive breast cancer.
Nature Communications
Griffith, Obi L OL; Spies, Nicholas C NC; Anurag, Meenakshi M; Griffith, Malachi M; Luo, Jingqin J; Tu, Dongsheng D; Yeo, Belinda B; Kunisaki, Jason J; Miller, Christopher A CA; Krysiak, Kilannin K; Hundal, Jasreet J; Ainscough, Benjamin J BJ; Skidmore, Zachary L ZL; Campbell, Katie K; Kumar, Runjun R; Fronick, Catrina C; Cook, Lisa L; Snider, Jacqueline E JE; Davies, Sherri S; Kavuri, Shyam M SM; Chang, Eric C EC; Magrini, Vincent V; Larson, David E DE; Fulton, Robert S RS; Liu, Shuzhen S; Leung, Samuel S; Voduc, David D; Bose, Ron R; Dowsett, Mitch M; Wilson, Richard K RK; Nielsen, Torsten O TO; Mardis, Elaine R ER; Ellis, Matthew J MJ
Elucidating therapeutic molecular targets in premenopausal Asian women with recurrent breast cancers.
Npj Breast Cancer
Yap, Yoon-Sim YS; Singh, Angad P AP; Lim, John H C JHC; Ahn, Jin-Hee JH; Jung, Kyung-Hae KH; Kim, Jeongeun J; Dent, Rebecca A RA; Ng, Raymond C H RCH; Kim, Sung-Bae SB; Chiang, Derek Y DY
Publication Date: 2018
Variant appearance in text: PTEN: Q17*; rs786204910
Analytical Validation of a Hybrid Capture-Based Next-Generation Sequencing Clinical Assay for Genomic Profiling of Cell-Free Circulating Tumor DNA.
The Journal Of Molecular Diagnostics : Jmd
Clark, Travis A TA; Chung, Jon H JH; Kennedy, Mark M; Hughes, Jason D JD; Chennagiri, Niru N; Lieber, Daniel S DS; Fendler, Bernard B; Young, Lauren L; Zhao, Mandy M; Coyne, Michael M; Breese, Virginia V; Young, Geneva G; Donahue, Amy A; Pavlick, Dean D; Tsiros, Alyssa A; Brennan, Timothy T; Zhong, Shan S; Mughal, Tariq T; Bailey, Mark M; He, Jie J; Roels, Steven S; Frampton, Garrett M GM; Spoerke, Jill M JM; Gendreau, Steven S; Lackner, Mark M; Schleifman, Erica E; Peters, Eric E; Ross, Jeffrey S JS; Ali, Siraj M SM; Miller, Vincent A VA; Gregg, Jeffrey P JP; Stephens, Philip J PJ; Welsh, Allison A; Otto, Geoff A GA; Lipson, Doron D
The genomic landscape of TERT promoter wildtype-IDH wildtype glioblastoma.
Nature Communications
Diplas, Bill H BH; He, Xujun X; Brosnan-Cashman, Jacqueline A JA; Liu, Heng H; Chen, Lee H LH; Wang, Zhaohui Z; Moure, Casey J CJ; Killela, Patrick J PJ; Loriaux, Daniel B DB; Lipp, Eric S ES; Greer, Paula K PK; Yang, Rui R; Rizzo, Anthony J AJ; Rodriguez, Fausto J FJ; Friedman, Allan H AH; Friedman, Henry S HS; Wang, Sizhen S; He, Yiping Y; McLendon, Roger E RE; Bigner, Darell D DD; Jiao, Yuchen Y; Waitkus, Matthew S MS; Meeker, Alan K AK; Yan, Hai H
Somatic POLE exonuclease domain mutations are early events in sporadic endometrial and colorectal carcinogenesis, determining driver mutational landscape, clonal neoantigen burden and immune response.
The Journal Of Pathology
Temko, Daniel D; Van Gool, Inge C IC; Rayner, Emily E; Glaire, Mark M; Makino, Seiko S; Brown, Matthew M; Chegwidden, Laura L; Palles, Claire C; Depreeuw, Jeroen J; Beggs, Andrew A; Stathopoulou, Chaido C; Mason, John J; Baker, Ann-Marie AM; Williams, Marc M; Cerundolo, Vincenzo V; Rei, Margarida M; Taylor, Jenny C JC; Schuh, Anna A; Ahmed, Ahmed A; Amant, Frédéric F; Lambrechts, Diether D; Smit, Vincent Thbm VT; Bosse, Tjalling T; Graham, Trevor A TA; Church, David N DN; Tomlinson, Ian I
Racial Disparities in the Molecular Landscape of Cancer.
Anticancer Research
Heath, Elisabeth I EI; Lynce, Filipa F; Xiu, Joanne J; Ellerbrock, Angela A; Reddy, Sandeep K SK; Obeid, Elias E; Liu, Stephen V SV; Bollig-Fischer, Aliccia A; Separovic, Duska D; Vanderwalde, Ari A
Pan-urologic cancer genomic subtypes that transcend tissue of origin.
Nature Communications
Chen, Fengju F; Zhang, Yiqun Y; Bossé, Dominick D; Lalani, Aly-Khan A AA; Hakimi, A Ari AA; Hsieh, James J JJ; Choueiri, Toni K TK; Gibbons, Don L DL; Ittmann, Michael M; Creighton, Chad J CJ
Immune dysregulation in patients with PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome: Analysis of FOXP3 regulatory T cells.
The Journal Of Allergy And Clinical Immunology
Chen, Hannah H HH; Händel, Norman N; Ngeow, Joanne J; Muller, James J; Hühn, Michael M; Yang, Huei-Ting HT; Heindl, Mario M; Berbers, Roos-Marijn RM; Hegazy, Ahmed N AN; Kionke, Janina J; Yehia, Lamis L; Sack, Ulrich U; Bläser, Frank F; Rensing-Ehl, Anne A; Reifenberger, Julia J; Keith, Julia J; Travis, Simon S; Merkenschlager, Andreas A; Kiess, Wieland W; Wittekind, Christian C; Walker, Lisa L; Ehl, Stephan S; Aretz, Stefan S; Dustin, Michael L ML; Eng, Charis C; Powrie, Fiona F; Uhlig, Holm H HH
A Landscape of Pharmacogenomic Interactions in Cancer.
Cell
Iorio, Francesco F; Knijnenburg, Theo A TA; Vis, Daniel J DJ; Bignell, Graham R GR; Menden, Michael P MP; Schubert, Michael M; Aben, Nanne N; Gonçalves, Emanuel E; Barthorpe, Syd S; Lightfoot, Howard H; Cokelaer, Thomas T; Greninger, Patricia P; van Dyk, Ewald E; Chang, Han H; de Silva, Heshani H; Heyn, Holger H; Deng, Xianming X; Egan, Regina K RK; Liu, Qingsong Q; Mironenko, Tatiana T; Mitropoulos, Xeni X; Richardson, Laura L; Wang, Jinhua J; Zhang, Tinghu T; Moran, Sebastian S; Sayols, Sergi S; Soleimani, Maryam M; Tamborero, David D; Lopez-Bigas, Nuria N; Ross-Macdonald, Petra P; Esteller, Manel M; Gray, Nathanael S NS; Haber, Daniel A DA; Stratton, Michael R MR; Benes, Cyril H CH; Wessels, Lodewyk F A LFA; Saez-Rodriguez, Julio J; McDermott, Ultan U; Garnett, Mathew J MJ
Combined copy number and mutation analysis identifies oncogenic pathways associated with transformation of follicular lymphoma.
Leukemia
Bouska, A A; Zhang, W W; Gong, Q Q; Iqbal, J J; Scuto, A A; Vose, J J; Ludvigsen, M M; Fu, K K; Weisenburger, D D DD; Greiner, T C TC; Gascoyne, R D RD; Rosenwald, A A; Ott, G G; Campo, E E; Rimsza, L M LM; Delabie, J J; Jaffe, E S ES; Braziel, R M RM; Connors, J M JM; Wu, C-I CI; Staudt, L M LM; D'Amore, F F; McKeithan, T W TW; Chan, W C WC